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Danish grammar

A complete Danish grammar reference


Introduction
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Basic concepts
Nouns
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Noun gender
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The indefinite article (a book)
Definite article (the book)
The indefinite plural (books)
The definite plural (the books)
Zero plurals (1 sheep -- 2 sheep)
Irregular plurals (1 mouse -- 2 mice)
No, nothing, nobody, none
More (mere, flere)
Noncount nouns (butter, water, sugar, love)
The possessive (the girl's shoes, the boys' bicycles)
Compound nouns (library + book)
List of et-words (neuter gender): alfabet - forråd
List of et-words (neuter gender): forslag - komfur
List of et-words (neuter gender): kontinent - årti
Noun list: en abe - en bøffel
Noun list: en bølge - et folk
Noun list: en folkeskole - et hjørne
Noun list: et hold - et kontor
Noun list: en kop - et minut
Noun list: en mobiltelefon - et problem
Noun list: et produkt - en skærm
Noun list: skønhed - en telefon
Noun list: et telt - et årti
Verbs
The verb stem
The infinitive (to walk, to say)
The past participle (forgotten, driven, written, done, been)
The present participle (walking, saying)
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The present tense (I walk, he says)
The simple past (she said)
The present perfect (I have walked, he has said)
The past perfect (I had walked, he had said)
The future (I will do it, I am going to do it)
The future perfect (I will have done it by then)
The passive voice (mistakes were made)
Modal verbs (must, can, will)
Reflexive verbs (no English equivalent)
The imperative (close the door, sit down)
Verbs ending in s
Phrasal verbs (hang out, shut up, call off)
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Tro vs. synes (to think, to believe)
Verbs of movement
Verb list: acceptere - ende
Verb list: erkende - hade
Verb list: hagle - løbe
Verb list: løfte - rive
Verb list: rulle - støtte
Verb list: stå - åbne
Pronouns
Personal pronoun table
Personal pronouns (I - me, he - him, she - her)
Possessive pronouns (my, your, our)
Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, ours)
Reflexive possessive pronouns (sin, sit, sine)
Reflexive pronouns (myself, himself, itself, ...)
Der vs. det (there, that/it)
Interrogative pronouns (who, what, why, ...)
Relative pronouns (The man who talked)
Demonstrative pronouns (this, that, these, those)
Indefinite pronouns
Much, many (meget, mange)
Some, any, something, anything (noget, nogen, nogle)
Adjectives
The 3 adjective forms
Irregular adjectives
Comparisons (fast, faster, fastest)
Participles as adjectives
Adjective list: absolut - forvirret
Adjective list: frastødende - lunken
Adjective list: lydig - skyet
Adjective list: skyldig - åben
Adverbs
Introduction to adverbs
Sentence adverbs vs. verb-phrase adverbs (ikke, aldrig, allerede …)
Degree adverbs (meget, ret, temmelig...)
Comparative adverbs (godt, bedre, best)
Inside vs. outside adverbials
Long and short adverbs of place
Discourse adverbs (jo, vel, sikkert, nok...)
Word order
Danish sentence structure
The V2 rule
Main and subordinate clauses
Relative clause word order & comma basics
Inversion
Topicalization & focus fronting (Ham så jeg i går!)
Clefting (det er … der/som)
Conjunctions (and, but, or, because, ...)
Morphology
Words with different senses and meanings
Homonyms (look and sound the same)
Homophones (sound the same)
False cognates (look like English words, but not related)
Other
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Prepositions
Idiomatic prepositional phrases (i tvivl, på arbejde...)
Time expressions